NARRATOR: Similar studies failed to find any link between autism and a mercury-based preservative, called thimerosal. These little teacups? I appreciate your letting me help out like that. I walk across the street, I could be hit by a car. All syncs are provided with the necessary software giving you a highly workable and time-saving option for reviewing transcripts and videos simultaneously. Perfect job. INGRID SCHEFFER: Dravet syndrome is a very severe epilepsy, beginning in infancy, and it occurs in a previously normal and well baby. Oh, that ought to do. Well, this is really pretty amazing. Any time, Dave. He pushed the end of the periodic table all the way to element 106, which is called Seaborgium, in his honor. A quick Google search on how to transcribe YouTube video will either show some paid audio transcription services like Fiverr/ Rev or other blogs suggesting audio transcribing tools where you have to type the whole thing manually. Within 24 hours he had a fever and a rash. CHRISTINE THOMAS: Right. I think I've seen one of these machines at Starbucks. We'll get to a nice comfy walking pace. NARRATOR: In 1998, an English doctor, Andrew Wakefield, argued there was a link between autism and MMR, the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. And start. Mike tells me that each bar represents about a million pounds of rock that had to be moved and processed. You know, I don't have insurance for this. Got any more left? GAYLE FITZWATER: …when you went in the mine, and you were able to see the trucks that we had, those are 400-ton haul packs. Nova High School, Florida (FL) Transcript Request | NeedMyTranscript. SCOTT STINE: During times when the climate was dry, Mono Lake dropped down, exposed the shore lands, and allowed trees and shrubs to grow. DAVID POGUE: Watch out with the hammer. DAVID POGUE: So this looks like a finished bell. And now, for the moment of truth: will this bell be good enough to sing? NARRATOR: Vaccines deliver a remarkable but often invisible gift, protecting against diseases we may never see around us. PATRICK RICE: That's a little nurse shark. Of all the elements that touch our lives, nothing drives humankind to acts of love or destruction like gold. You grow these? THEO GRAY: I happen to have a place where we might be able to do that. Reznov pulls out a Tokarev w/ Flashlight and leads the way. Take oxygen: we love the stuff, can't live without it, but it wasn't always this way. The one I was looking at, in particular, was calcium. Scientists now know that most elements come in more than one version. Over the millennia, the water level has risen and fallen, as the area has cycled between wet periods and dry times. To arm our immune system against multiple germs, different vaccines can be combined. DAVID POGUE: That's huge. Here's how you make a magnet: first, all the solid ingredients are sealed into a quartz tube, to be melted together. I want to know why. Mail the entire form and any fee required to your previous school(s). Smallpox is eradicated. In one place, request transcripts, store them securely and send official transcripts to any destination worldwide. Theo's table and his remarkable collection make a powerful point. Iron, zinc, magnesium…I like to think of this as an excellent source of sodium. It turns out that nature has concealed thousands of pounds of the stuff under billions of cubic feet of earth. They put the centrifuge on the floor for safety, in case anything goes wrong in the super-hot vial. We use it for infrastructure; we use it for electronic goods. Dar Mar Komedija. And that's from South Africa. Let's start at the very beginning, with hydrogen: one proton and one electron. MASON does not accept NOVA paper transcripts or emailed transcripts. And what would it look like? DAVID POGUE: Then he breaks the news that the Chinese government has been limiting the export of these strategically important elements. NARRATOR: By 1994, the only cases of polio in the U.S. were those caused by the oral vaccine itself. BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: All of our lives are surrounded by the risks of every day. We'll start the chain reaction. They have familiar names like lithium, sodium and potassium. And noble gases come pre-equipped with completely satisfied shells. If David's microscope is powerful enough, we should see regular rows of copper atoms with tin atoms packed in between. And what we have here is the tin in a raw form. So how do you speed up a fire to create an explosion? And, today, it's one of the most widely bought and sold metals in the world. DAVID WARD: And, you know, this is one set of species, and then there's another, and then, finally, this third. And when they were eventually found, they proved completely consistent with his descriptions. You have created fire! vaccine have been given in the U.S. Like all vaccines, it's carefully monitored for safety. DAVID POGUE: To do this, Ed's team focuses 192 of the world's most powerful laser beams onto a BB-sized capsule containing hydrogen atoms. They are naturally occurring crystals that contain the elements. I'm here because they're about to cast several bells. THEO GRAY (Chemist and Author): Absolutely. They're really iron magnets, with a pinch of neodymium added like a powerful spice to make them stronger, plus a few boron atoms to help hold everything in place. And I'm looking at this child, examining this child, and I was like "This can't be. Sanat Kumara. DAVID POGUE: The accelerator applies a powerful electric charge to the atoms—basically lightning—giving them the speed and energy they need to hit a detector with enough force to be counted. This is The Verdin Company, a 170-year-old family-run business in Cincinnati, Ohio. THEO GRAY: No, the salt, most of it went up in the smoke. Request Your Transcripts . Imagine if you have two containers, one full of red marbles, one full of blue marbles. It's amazing to think that something as complex as the physical universe can be put on a single chart, and from about 90 basic elements, man and nature have teamed up to create the incredible variety of stuff in our lives. Uh going to the game that is um Bishop Girl what you doing. And I'm here today, as I am every weekend, visiting her. DAVID POGUE: The quality of the sound depends on the atomic structure of the material. DAVID POGUE: …to the least—manmade elements that last only fractions of a second; strange metals with repellant powers;…. I actually am very concerned with these things, too. The thin greenish layer on the top is cyanobacteria, situated at the best spot to find light, water and carbon dioxide for growth. Chemistry professor Christine Thomas, at Brandeis University, has agreed to help me understand what makes me tick. DAVID POGUE: Paul is one of the lab's top magnet guys. JOHN BURBA: Barite, barium sulfate…it's got some monazite in it. It's a gold bar, ladies and gentlemen. Wherever they live, parents continue to weigh what's best for their children and health officials continue to worry about saving lives. DAVID POGUE: Oh, we call that a "thermometer?". Asset Type. I shudder to ask what happens if you put those two alone in a room. JANE ZUCKER: It's astounding to me that, in this day and age, that you can have people dying of measles in the developed world. One two I go to the he's been one of the radio tonight. DAVID POGUE: I would think that there would be trading markets like this for gold and silver and platinum, and things that are valuable, but copper? And this is really what led to the thinking that there was a "vaccine encephalopathy." BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: What we think about is, "What's going to happen to my kid? DAVID POGUE: …ore, and I didn't want anything to happen. Transcript. The interior is 10,000 times smaller. MATTHEW DENNIS (Nuclear Engineer, American Nuclear Society, Trinity Section): Yeah, this is a mad science project. In 2011, there were almost 15,000 cases; at least six people died. And now, we can even see what they're made of. DAVID POGUE: They have a wide variety of explosives on hand. NARRATOR: In 1990, when David was six months old, his parents took him for his oral polio vaccine. Some may experience slight swelling at the injection site, or develop a fever, a normal immune response. California! When wood burns, what's eventually left over looks an awful lot like this charcoal or this carbon. NARRATOR: A search began, to see if the link between autism and the MMR vaccine could be confirmed. This is a fantastic business! Where does that term "noble gases" come from? In 2007, there were around 40 cases of measles across France. DAVID POGUE: Neodymium magnets are a bit of a misnomer. NARRATOR: Around the world, pockets of low vaccination are appearing, often in affluent, mainstream communities. The idea, now, that, that parents can vaccinate their children, to prevent those cervical cancers...I just wish that that had been available to us, to have changed the course of Jennifer's life. DR. AMY MIDDLEMAN (University of Oklahoma): We ask a lot of parents. I feel like a kid in a death store. Surprisingly, vaccination evolved from a type of traditional medicine, at least 1,000 years ago. But sometimes, these connections can pose an invisible threat, if the object we touch, or the air we share, carries a dangerous germ. And this brings us to P. I mean, of course, P as in phosphorous. Who's a pretty girl? To set off the bomb, an initial spark of heat breaks those bonds. So, after all that pulverizing and crushing and weighing and firing, what we're left with is this? You guys make a lot of jokes about "Gone fission?". Broadcast program. So how does wood fare with carbon-dating? Several days later, the girls became ill. NARRATOR: Amy Middleman is a mother of three. Good. February 4. CHRISTINE THOMAS: Carbon is the backbone of living things, because, since it can bond to itself, it can form these long chains of molecules. They're still warm. And the car used to be parked over there! DAVID POGUE: I thought if we brought it here to Ames Lab, I thought you could do a little chemical analysis on it and tell me. IGOR DMITRIEV: Mendeleev decided that he would arrange them by weight, but also by family. The expectation was that, because it's non-magnetic, there would be no reaction. DAVID POGUE: Turns out there's more to my friend Theo than mere love of table. JOHN TAULE: Yes, you can't see it with the naked eye. Do they rush to rescue maidens? I can hardly think of anything that doesn't have either a tiny bit of copper or lots of copper. So we've got to get some, some urine, and we can, we can get phosphorus from it. CHRISTA HOCKENSMITH: No, covered with nasty. I don't get it. A week or so later he, too, became ill. JANE ZUCKER: It was a very brief encounter, you know, seconds in an elevator! Two thousand degree…oh, my gosh! HARRIET HUNNABLE: Yeah, they still trade agricultural products. DAVID POGUE: You can just say yes or no. PAUL OFFIT: I guess we all have our biases. Log in to NOVAConnect by clicking myNOVA on the NOVA home page. And they all want to get rid of that single, lonely electron, any way they can. Now, I don't exactly see, like, a pile of salt anywhere. JAMES WALTHER: Well, it's a current—concurrent copy. That was quite a process. What can I say? So, you're saying there must be explosives that don't take that long? NARRATOR: Luke Philbin was born a healthy, normal baby. Many people worry about the risks of serious adverse events or side effects from vaccines. (Mother of Amy Middleman's Patient): I have reservations about the H.P.V. NARRATOR: The Department of Health tried to stop the spread. And the less the disease exists in my circle or the next circle or the next circle, the safer I am. And you're saying that this will repel the sharks. DAVID POGUE: Electric current breaks up the water molecule. PATRICK RICE: So we've just done our little test. I was told that you can help me understand C, H, N, O, P, S, CHNOPS, the elements of life. DAVID POGUE: Ken Moody is a chemist at Lawrence Livermore Lab. MATT DENNIS: The similarities are the mousetraps are uranium atoms and the white ping pong balls are neutrons, which…you use one to start a chain reaction. TOM PHILBIN: We rely on other people having their kids vaccinated to protect Luke. The noble gases, like neon and argon, pose a problem for chemists who prefer their elements to join forces and react with each other. PATRICK RICE: We had sharks in a tank like this, and a pump broke on one of our tanks, and so, we were playing with these magnets, and we put the magnets down by the tank to go fix the pump, and when we put the magnet by the tank, the sharks took off. NARRATOR: In America, children must be vaccinated before they start kindergarten, but the required shots vary from state to state and most allow for exemptions based on personal or religious beliefs. DAVID POGUE: Okay. Get your hot gold here. We can do good work on finding out what caused this explosion with the magic swabs. And their development slowly slows down, so they'd have normal development, and then between one to two years of age, it sort of plateaus. They gave him some oxygen and they said, "We need to take him to hospital right now.". NARRATOR: Dravet syndrome is caused by mutations in a particular gene, called SCN1A, which impact key pathways in the brain. We have single crystals of the neodymium iron boron, separated from the extra liquid, which the centrifuge separated with the ten to a hundred Gs. CHRISTA HOCKENSMITH: You can shake this up. DAVID POGUE: All right, let's give this a try. Final steps: cool and clean the bars, stamp them with their unique serial numbers and their weights. First you made helium; then you'll make lithium and beryllium and boron. I mean the car is totally decimated. Most people probably think of calcium as white and chalky, you know? DAVID POGUE: So, you're telling me that our hardware store haul here actually is representative of the CHNOPS elements in all life and roughly in the right proportions? We've actually condensed it here as a nice chunky, white solid. Okay, David, how do you feel at this stage? NARRATOR: Marianna Fastovsky has four children. That's a big deal. They don't like to react with any other elements. DAVID WARD: You have to have special…a sampling permit. The group includes fluorine and bromine, but the most notorious is chlorine: 17 protons surrounded by 17 electrons, arranged in three shells of two, eight and seven, one short of being full. This is just like it. DR. DAN GESCHWIND (University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine): It's really extraordinary. A hundred sixty eight bucks? So this is you, this is your office, huh? In India, when a wave of smallpox approached a town, there are tales of people doing something extraordinary, they lined up to actually buy the disease. THEO GRAY: Yeah, well you know the secret to a good mad scientist's lair: no neighbors. AMY MIDDLEMAN: I'm a little confused by the drama around this vaccine. So they're still at work making all of this oxygen. His study of 12 children was published in a major medical journal, The Lancet. Who sees measles? There's a lot of bend to it. Most people would get sick but recover. There's 80-plus percent in the middle who it's either just a social norm—it's good for our children and for our public health; others that are starting to question—and a certain amount of questioning is healthy; and then there's some that are starting to get more anxious and are vulnerable to tipping into becoming against vaccines, if they don't feel like they're getting the right information, or they are not being heard. DAVID POGUE: Okay, hydrogen and oxygen. You can wink. It was a lot of work, frankly. Identifying the genetic causes is really important, because it gives us an anchor, a place to start. DAVID POGUE: There's this mine in California, the largest one in the United States. MIKE LASSITER: There's a little bit of carbon that's mixed in with this that's changed the color on it, but I assure you that when we melt it and pour it down, Dave, we're going to have gold. This column all has one too few. It's virtually indestructible, yet also soft and malleable. This is a visual representation of every single element that makes up this entire planet and everything on it. DAVID POGUE: Wait! I'm here to exchange some copper. This bowl, from the 1930s, gets its orange color from uranium, and it's actually dangerously radioactive. And I would like to believe that there is something in us that allows us to see it that way. Click Student Center. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. NARRATOR: For some, the link between the H.P.V. JOHN BURBA: But look for stuff like this; we'll find out how good a geologist you are. So this is, this is full of actual regular, old refrigerator…oh yeah, more than, more than refrigerator magnets. Vaše oblíbené seriály, pořady a živé vysílání TV Nova na online televizi Nova Plus, které si pustíte, kdy chcete vy. THEO GRAY: Gold's right there, number 79. What matters about elements is that they are real physical substances with properties and things you can do with them. MIKE LASSITER: This should produce about a bar and a half. ALISON SINGER: When I read that, I felt…I was taken aback. Transcript Poisoned Water … If you had 400 tons of material at one ounce per ton,…. vaccine. Several times a year, scientist Scott Stine travels to the shores of Mono Lake, near Yosemite National Park. They're the hidden ingredients of everything in our world, from the carbon in our bodies to the metals in our smartphones. DAVID POGUE: For this you bought fertilizer. Transcripts are not processed by both institutions in real-time. Transcript Request Form Student: It is your responsibility to request a transcript from your previous school(s). The glassmakers have learned how to precisely place minute amounts of metal atoms like sodium, potassium and aluminum among the silicon atoms. The ore I brought in contained a whopping 20 percent rare earth oxide. DAVID WARD: These little critters that are making half of the oxygen that all of the things requiring oxygen breathe today. A NOVA Production by Tangled Bank Studios, LLC in association with Genepool Productions Pty. DAN GESCHWIND: The genetics are pointing to early developmental processes, somewhere between 10 and 24 weeks or so of gestation. Examine the science behind vaccinations, the return of preventable diseases, and the risks of opting out. Like, who would fall for that? Transcript source. So, our job, as providers, is to make sure we separate the issues and bring forth the important ones that should be considered. Then, in 2008, a 10-year-old girl returned from holiday in Austria. When the bronze has reached the proper temperature, 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit, it's time to pour. But that's not why I'm here. …or rust, a very slow reaction when iron and oxygen combine. While that's underway, it's time to get the lowdown on the stuff we bought, starting with carbon: 6 protons, 6 electrons in two shells. We have dozens of studies! DAVID POGUE: He's studying the long history of droughts in California, trying to determine how frequently they occur and how long they last. BRIAN ZIKMUND-FISHER: There's two things that matter for whether or not I'm going to get sick. First, a hunk of sodium in a dry metal bowl,then a jet of pure chlorine: surprisingly, no explosion. Then Theo reminds me of something I'd forgotten. But study after study revealed that whether the children were vaccinated or not, the rates of autism were the same. Jokes about `` Gone fission? `` Department of health tried to stop the spread old, parents! 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